C Programming

Course Description: This hands on C programming course provides a comprehensive introduction to the ANSI C language, emphasizing portability and structured design. Students are introduced to all major language elements including fundamental data types, flow control, and standard function libraries. Thorough treatment is given to the topics of string and character manipulation, dynamic memory allocation, standard I/O, macro definition, and the C runtime library. The course explains the use of aggregate structures, unions, and pointers early on so the students can practice extensively in the hands on labs. Structured programming constructs and viragos functions are also covered. Emphasis is given to the processing of command line arguments and environment variables so students will be able to write flexible, user-friendly programs. The course also includes coverage of portability tips drawn from experienced programmers working in production environments. Comprehensive hands on exercises are performed throughout training each day to reinforce key concepts.

Course Prerequisites: Understanding of fundamental programming concepts.

Overview of C Operating System Independence Design Goals and Capabilities Flavours of C	Compiler Directives and the C Pre processor Compile-Time Directives Use of typed of C Pre processor Syntax
Fundamental Data Types, Storage Classes, and Scope Fundamental Data Types and Qualifiers Constants and Strings Storage Classes Scope and Block Structure Scope and Data Hiding Data Initialization	Pointers and Dynamic Allocation Advantages of Pointers User of Pointers Pointer and Address Arithmetic Dynamic Storage Allocation Size of Double Indirection
Macros Functions versus In lining Purpose of Macros Use of Macros Making Code More Readable Auto Adjustment of Compile Time Values Conditional Compilation Making Code Portable Simplifying Complex Access Calculations Advanced Micro Design Tips Using Macros to Help Write Portable Programs When to Use a Macro instead of a Function Using Macros for Debugging	Arrays Purpose of Arrays Declaring an Array Initializing an Array Addressing Elements Stepping Through an Array Variable Size Arrays Arrays of Pointers Arrays of Strings Passing an Array to a Function Dynamic Memory Allocation Multidimensional Arrays
Basic Formatted I/O Standard I/O Library Character Set Encoding Standard Input and Output Character I/O Functions Formatted I/O Functions String Constants	Program Debugging Problem Analysis Instrumenting with printif Instrumenting with c trace The Purpose of Debuggers How Not to Use Debuggers Symbolic Debuggers
Operators and Expressions Arithmetic, Logical, and Bit Operators Precedence and Associatively Assignment and Casting The Conditional Operator	Flow Control Constructs Conditional Constructs: if, switch Looping Constructs: while, do, for Programming Style
Functions (Subroutines) Purpose of Functions Functions versus Inlining Automatic Variables The Argument Stack Passing By Value Passing By Reference Declaring External Functions Function Prototyping ANSI Prototyping The _NO_PROTO Compiler Symbol Varargs Functions Passing a Function as an Argument Designing Functions for Reusability Calling a Function from Another Language Returning a Dynamically Allocated Value Using Double Indirection Casting the Return Value of a Function Recursion and Re-entrancy	Structures Purpose of Structures Defining and Declaring Structures Accessing Members Pointers to Structures Dynamic Memory Allocation Passing a Structure to a Function As a Pointer Passing the Actual Structure C Runtime Library Standard Functions Character I/O Unformatted File I/O Formatted File I/O Math Functions Miscellaneous Functions
Advanced Structures and Unions Nested Structures Arrays of Structures Bit Fields Unions Linked Lists	Accessing Command Line Arguments and Environment Symbols argc and argv Parsing Command Line Options Accessing the Environment Array
Strings and Character Manipulation Strings as Character Arrays String Library Functions Reading and Writing Strings	Advanced Programming Consideration Writing Portable Code Use of Macros ANSI C Limits Feature Test Macros Client/Server Design Performance Considerations
Structured Programming Structuring Code for Quality, Reliability, Maintainability Designing for Modularity and Reusability